Demonstrators were prevented from reaching Pearl Roundabout on Monday
A heavy police presence is preventing people marking the first anniversary of pro-democracy demonstrations in Bahrain's capital, Manama.
Opposition activists have called on protesters to march on the site of the now-demolished Pearl Roundabout - the focus of last year's unrest.
A BBC correspondent says the area is quiet, but that in outlying villages there have been violent clashes.
Police have been firing rubber bullets and tear gas at stone-throwing youths.
Most of the demonstrators are from the Gulf kingdom's Shia Muslim majority, which has long complained of discrimination at the hands of the Sunni royal family, the Al Khalifa, and wants democratic reforms.
Bill Law, who is in Manama, says the centre of the capital remains quiet, with no sign of the mass protest called by the opposition a year on from the peaceful takeover of Pearl Roundabout.
Opposition activists had called for people to converge on the area at 0630 (0330 GMT).
The roundabout, and the Pearl Monument that used to stand in the centre of it, were demolished and replaced by a new road junction last March, after protesters were forced out violently by the authorities.
There is a massive police and army presence in the city, and roads to and from Shia villages on the outskirts have been closed, our correspondent adds. Police and army vehicles have also sealed off the Bahrain Financial Harbour commercial centre in Manama.
However, a number of people were attempting to march towards the capital from the villages of Sanabis, al-Daih and Jidhafs, which lie to the west, witnesses told the AFP news agency.
The main Shia opposition group, al-Wefaq, said more than a dozen people had been arrested.
Overnight, riot police used tear gas and stun grenades to disperse demonstrations in several villages, including Sitra and Sanabis. Some protesters threw stones and Molotov cocktails.
On Tuesday morning, the government issued a statement blaming al-Wefaq for turning what it said should have been a peaceful, government-sanctioned demonstration in the capital into a riot.
Protesters reportedly managed to get within 2km (1.5 miles) of the former site of Pearl Roundabout before being pushed back by riot police.
Meanwhile, about 120 expatriate construction workers were threatened by masked youths as they travelled home on two buses on Monday evening, the Gulf Daily News reported. The workers were forced to walk home.
Khalil al-Marzuq of al-Wefaq said the opposition was willing to engage in dialogue with King Hamad Bin Isa al-Khalifa's government, but that ministers were interested only in showing the international community that they were "taking some steps" towards democratic reform.
He also urged protesters not to resort to violence.
"This is a non-violent movement and should continue to be non-violent, because your cause is justice and you will get at the end what you want," .
In an interview with the German magazine Der Spiegel on Monday, King Hamad rejected the opposition's complaints.
"We have made political reforms. We have just passed a number of amendments to the constitution which allow parliament to dismiss the government," he said.
"We invited everyone with openness. But some people boycotted the election and certain people just walked out of parliament. If you want a better system you have to join."
The king also insisted Bahrain was already a constitutional monarchy, that were no political prisoners, and that members of the royal family who occupied influential government posts were there only "because of merit".
'Excessive force'
Hassiba Hadj SahraouiAmnesty International
At least 35 people were killed between February and March 2011, 30 of them civilians and five security forces personnel, according to the human rights commission. It also found that security forces had used excessive force and tortured detainees, including five who died.
Almost 3,000 people were also arrested by security services after a state of emergency was declared by King Hamad in March. Scores were tried by military courts and sentenced to prison terms of up to life after what human rights activists said were grossly unfair trials.
More than 4,000 private sector employees and civil servants were also sacked, and at least 30 Shia prayer centres were demolished.
Last month, King Hamad tried to address some of the protesters' demands by announcing constitutional reforms intended to lead to greater accountability.
He also ordered the rebuilding of Shia mosques and the reinstatement of those who had lost their jobs, and appointed two British lawyers to overhaul the judicial system.
But the opposition, as well as human rights groups, say that the violent crackdown on dissent is continuing.
On Monday, Amnesty International said at least another 20 people had been killed since March "in the context of ongoing protests and excessive use of force by the security forces". Others put the death toll at 30.
"The government has made a number of announcements of what it has done to improve the human rights situation, but the fact is that it has still not delivered in the most important areas," said Hassiba Hadj Sahraoui, of Amnesty's Middle East and North Africa programme.
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